Can the RAM be upgraded?

No. The 8 GB is soldered to the mainboard, so buy the configuration you need up front.

Can I install Windows 10 or 11 on it?

Windows 10 generally installs and runs, but Windows 11 is not officially supported because of the older CPU. Check Lenovo's driver page before upgrading.

Expect the laptop and its power adapter. A new unit may also include documentation; check the listing for exact contents.

How does it compare with the X230?

The X240 is thinner and lighter and adds a Haswell processor, but it drops the physical trackpoint buttons and the removable battery of the X230.

Is the ThinkPad X240 still worth buying new?

For most shoppers, no. The hardware is slow by current standards and the platform is a decade old. It only makes sense if you specifically need a sealed Windows 7 machine or a cheap typing laptop.

How long does the battery last?

The X240 has an internal battery plus an optional rear battery, and owners report all-day life with the larger one. Expect noticeably less on an old, worn battery.