Is this wrench powerful enough for semi truck lug nuts?

Yes. A 1-inch drive and 40V brushless motor put it in the class of tools made for heavy truck and trailer fasteners. Use impact-rated sockets and check torque with a torque wrench.

Does it come with a battery and charger?

Typically no. Most listings are tool-only, so budget for an XGT battery and charger unless you already own them. Confirm the kit contents before buying.

Will my 18V Makita batteries work in it?

No. The XGT system uses a different 40V battery and slide mount, so 18V LXT packs will not fit. You need genuine XGT batteries.

How does it compare with a pneumatic 1-inch impact?

It delivers comparable fastening power without a compressor, hose or air line. Runtime depends on battery size, and the tool is heavier than many air guns but far more portable.

What socket size does it take?

It uses standard 1-inch drive impact sockets. For lug nuts you will usually need a 1-inch to 3/4-inch or 1/2-inch adapter, or dedicated 1-inch sockets.